Papilloma is a skin and mucosal lesion caused by the human papillomavirus.
Causing agents - Papilloma virus viruses. Currently, more than 60 variants are known of them, 32 are known to cause the disease.
Transmission routes - contact (through skin microtrauma), genital organ, perinatal (during childbirth).
Manifestations of papillomas
- Skin papillomas (warts).
Most often seen on the hands, less often on other parts of the body. Localized lesions are common in children and adolescents. In immunocompromised patients, wart lesions may be prevalent. The incubation period is 1-6 months. The maximum content of the virus in the affected tissues is observed 6 months after infection. - Vulgar papillomas (simple).
Their causative agent is human papillomavirus (HPV). This shape is manifested by solid lumps with a surface area of approximately 1 mm in diameter or more, with a tendency to melt. Vulgar papillomas often cover a large area. They can appear anywhere, but they are most often located on the back of the palms and fingers, in children - on the knees. A single papilloma can exist for months or even years, virtually unchanged, but a rapid spread of the process is also possible. There are isolated cases of papilloma degeneration in a tumor. Immune states have contributed to the spread of the process.
Plantar Papilloma - Flat papillomas.
Their causative agents are HPV-3 and HPV-10. They are represented by smooth lumps of normal skin color (light yellow or slightly colored). They can be round or polygonal. The appearance of flat papillomas, mainly in children, is usually accompanied by itching, inflammation of the affected area, redness, pain. - Filiform papillomas.
They are found in 50% of the population over the age of 50, most often in the armpits, groin, neck, around the eyes. The process begins with the appearance of small yellow or slightly colored cones, then grows and turns into dense elastic formations elongated up to 5-6 mm in size. In places with possible trauma, papillomas can become inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance does not occur. - Local epithelial hyperplasia (Beck disease). The causative agents are human papillomaviruses 13 and 32. The disease was first described in the American Indians. Observed in the mucosa of the mouth, tongue, lips in the form of small papillary emissions that join.
- Genital warts.
The causative agents of genital warts are human papilloma viruses with low oncological risk (6, 11), moderate (31, 33, 35) and high (16, 18). Viruses are sexually transmitted. The incubation period lasts from a few weeks to a month. In some cases, the lesions are minimal, often going unnoticed. Infected cells are prone to malignant degeneration. In most cases, a long and widespread process accompanies immune states.
Cervical cancer is most often diagnosed in women with genital warts. In most cases, despite the age of the patients, the viral genome is detected by DNA hybridization. The causative agent is HPV-18. - Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.
The causative agents are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely registered. In most cases, papillomatosis is detected in children under 5 years of age who are infected in the mother’s birth canal. There is a characteristic increase in the vocal cords, which leads to difficulty speaking and disturbances in the air circulation in the upper respiratory tract.
The causative agent is HPV-1 (deep form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (small lesions). The process begins with the appearance of a small, shiny lump, acquiring the characteristics of a typical papilloma, surrounded by an elongated rhyme. Sometimes, around a papilloma, numerous girl formations appear, resembling bubbles - mosaic warts. Plantar papillomas can be painful and make walking difficult. The duration of their existence is different. In some cases, especially in children, spontaneous disappearance of any number of papillomas is possible. This form of the disease is often confused with calluses appearing at pressure sites on the fingers or between the toes. Corns, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface with a skin pattern.
Treatment of papillomas
The same symptoms may be signs of different diseases and the disease may not continue according to the textbook. Do not try to cure yourself - consult your doctor.
Currently, there is no unified international standard for the treatment of papillomas. Formal treatment guidelines so far include
- cytostatics (antineoplastic drugs),
- Cryo laser,
- elimination of electro.
But they are not always effective and are associated with relapses.
Other treatments for papillomas:
- For cutaneous and vulgar papillomas (simple) - surgical removal (cryodestruction, laser removal in combination with immune correction).
- For plantar - cryodestruction, laser and / or diathermocoagulation.
- Mosaic papillomas are the most difficult to treat. When they disappear, especially in children, signs of inflammation are noticed.
- For flat forms - cryotherapy with immune correction.
- For filiform - diathermocoagulation.
- For local epithelial hyperplasia, cryotherapy with immune correction.
- In case of thoracic skin dysplasia, cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation with subsequent correction of immunity.
- For genital warts - removal of warts with chiropractic therapy, laser removal or diathermocoagulation and mandatory correction of the immune system.
Treatment of genital papillomas can be difficult with other genital infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In these cases, the treatment is performed in parallel.